Where does one start when contemplating the ins and outs of a concise guide to Italian wine? I mean there are over 300 grape varieties, over 500 recognised appellations of origin and countless other quirks of tradition and style. So much to say and yet so much that couldn't possibly. Well clearly you can't ignore [Barolo](/appellation/barolo-docg), 'Wine of Kings and King of Wines', the infamous [Piemonte](/region/piedmont) red made from 100% [Nebbiolo](/nebbiolo). Harsh and tannic in youth, but ethereal and seductive with maturity; 'Tar and Roses' the phrase often heard to describe the wine's beguiling perfumes. If you only drink one more wine before transcending this world, make sure it is [Barolo](/appellation/barolo-docg). What about [Amarone](/appellation/amarone-della-valpolicella-docg)? In the Northeast's [Veneto](/region/veneto) region, dried [Corvina](/corvina), [Rondinella](/rondinella) and Mollinara grapes are pressed into a luxurious and hedonistic red, whose layered dark fruits don't come without a powerful blast of alcohol. You have been warned. In [Tuscany](/region/tuscany), amongst the iconic vines, stone farmhouses and cypress trees, the three Tuscan masters compete for attention. [Chianti Classico DOCG](/appellation/chianti-classico-docg), [Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG](/appellation/vino-nobile-di-montepulciano-docg) and of course [Brunello di Montalcino DOCG](/appellation/brunello-di-montalcino-docg), all [Sangiovese](/sangiovese) based yet radically different. DOCG? Yes. Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita, the [Italian](/country/italy) concept of regulated origin and in theory a reference to highest classification of [Italian](/country/italy) wines available. Next in rank is DOC and IGT, a more general indication of origin vaguely in line with the [French](/country/france) Vin de Pays system. Don't be fooled, the good and bad exists in each category. Huge progress is being made in the south. The elegant white wines of [Campania](/region/campania) are going from strength to strength, [Fiano di Avellino](/appellation/fiano-di-avellino-docg) and [Greco di Tufo](/appellation/greco-di-tufo-docg). Even Falanghina is worth a punt. There are plenty of indigenous red varieties constantly improving as well. [Aglianico del Vulture](/appellation/aglianico-del-vulture-doc) is perhaps one of the great wines of the South, alongside [Puglia's](/region/puglia) warm, rich expressions of [Primitivo](/primitivo) and [Negroamaro](/negroamaro). And what about bella [Sicilia](/region/sicily)? A wine-making revolution has taken place in [Sicily](/region/sicily) over the last twenty years, now producing clean, modern juicy reds from [Nero d'Avola](/nero-davola) and [Nerello Mascalese](/nerello-mascalese), not to mention sunny and ripe takes on [Merlot](/merlot), [Cabernet](/cabernet-sauvignon) and [Syrah](/syrah). Looking to pair something with seafood? Inzolia, Cattarratto, [Grillo](/grillo) and [Chardonnay](/chardonnay) combine very well indeed and are integral to any notions of [Sicilian](/region/sicily) cuisine. Hunt down Vermentino from Sardegna or indeed Cannonao (the local name for Grenache), and be sure not to miss Verddichio from Le Marche, or the great whites of the Veneto – Lugana and Soave. Prosecco needs no introduction while the fairly unknown but magnificent Franciacorta can rival many Champagnes for classification. There is certainly enough going on in Italian wine to keep even the most committed wino busy for a long, long time.